As Traditional Values collide with Progressive Hopes and Visions. The old are syncretized to fit the new. As a Noticer, I observe, I research and I share. Join me in exploring the effects of CHANGE and the events that drive it in culture, media and politics through dynamics in Practice and Policy across the globe. This is truly an amazing time to be living! For other types of postings, paste www.jackandcarlayoutube to your browser and open and explore posts and Powerlinks.
Have our youth and many of our key institutions been engaged in a, "Culture of Revolution?" And for how long? Certainly, a culture of unrest has been present as far back as the 60's. Consider the lyrics of this 60's Beatle's song.
"...I look at the world and I notice it turning, While my guitar gently weeps, With every mistake we must surely be learning? Still my guitar gently weeps. Yeah I don't know how you were diverted, You were perverted too, I don't know how you were inverted , No-one alerted you..."
In searching I found; While My Guitar Gently Weeps, was written by George Harrison, "as an exercise in randomness." It was inspired by the Chinese I Ching lamenting our failure to achieve unity in our human potential for universal love.
Relating this to a similar randomness a more recent Chinese leader actually championed chaos in his effort to create unity. At one point in his revolution he delightfully stated, “Everything under heaven is in utter chaos; the situation is excellent!”
He preached that, “Marxism consists of thousands of truths, but they all boil down to one sentence: It is right to rebel.”
To rebel against Old Ideals, Old Culture,
Old Customs, and Old Habits!
Through imposing mob chaos Mao systematically destroyed competing institutions along with their history, heritage and culture. Through intimidation and lawless mob rule he achieved unquestioning group allegiance and superficially erased ideals of western independent thought and self directed liberty.
Could we also be erasing our, Olds," in America today? In a similar way? At a slower pace? And if so, will this lead to similar outcomes at a similar cost?
Could revolution be behind the chaotic confusion we so frequently see around us? Were the global B.L.M. uprisings that caused the destruction of America's once beautiful city centers only the beginning?
At least 25 Americans were killed during protests and political unrest in 2020
Today struggles for political power have also caused a revolution in our sciences. Consider how Governmental controls in science affected both the creation of the Covid virus and the implementation of the Global Covid Mandates. Instead of hotlines and an international pooling of data, we saw professional disinterest and even overt resistance to ongoing research and discovery by medical practitioners. Both on the national and international level. This is a stark departure from historical disease control responses.
Today foundational scientific facts are commonly replaced with the politicized theories propagated in our social institutions. Instead of science, we now teach philosophical views about human existence and sexuality that are scientifically inaccurate. Through these philosophies, humanness is considered, nonexistent if one is not fully self-aware and subjective emotional comfort has become the defining measure of accepted gender and personal identity? How did these claims replace what we know to be true? How did science become a primary battleground for waging a social revolution?
The structure of America's Government is also under attack as Federal Control is being superimposed over State's Rights.
Most of us are aware of the influx of illegal immigration. But most are not aware of recent governmental policies to forcibly funnel vulnerable illegals into strategic states with the promise to provide voting privilege's.
So far the courts have ruled that non-citizen voting is still unconstitutional. At least in New York, for now.
And today in many states. New State hierarchies are removing Parental Rights and children are being taken from their parents without trial when disagreement over gender expression occurs. Is this simply, "timely progress," or is it also, "Revolutionary?"
Was Vice President Kamala Harris, "A Revolutionary Voice," when she repeatedly said that the, 2020 Anti-Trump Post Election Riots and the Black Lives Matter Protests, "Must Continue?" Even after scores of innocent lives were lost and many, many millions of dollars of damage destroyed the centers of our major cities.
They're Not Going To Stop:The Nationwide Protests Are A Movement. ( see minutes 4:29-6:22)
Were these the beginning of an American, "Cultural Revolution!"
(After the tragedy of China's, "Great Leap Forward," described in the video below, where 55,000,000 Chinese citizens starved. Mao staged a, "Cultural Revolution," to reestablish his rule, pitting the youth of China against the older generations of that time.)
Consider the lessons presented in the video below to see how Mao's photo was used to trigger China's Cultural Revolution, The Great Leap Forward."
History shows that activist led civil conflict is rarely about universal fairness, or achieving balanced positive change to benefit all. That is the job of our Legislature and Legal System.
But todays activist conflicts are promoted through mob rule and lawless intimidation even in America. Consider the mob that dominated Seattle's CHOP district. There angry activist crowds overwhelmed the police, burned the police station and murdered six civilians. This is a drastic departure from the nonviolent and often passivist protests of our recent past.
I grew up in the 60-70's era that legislated, "Affirmative Action."
At that time our youth were taught to learn from history and find ways to make, "humanitarian improvements." It was an era of increasing inclusion. Of equipping and inviting the under privileged to achieve the prosperity most shared through opportunity.
Affirmative Action was created to increase opportunity for minorities and women while still maintaining at least some sense of Liberty for all.
But very recently Affirmative Action was challenged and portions of it were found, "Unconstitutional," in 2023 as our Supreme Court ruled that racial and gender discrimination could not be used for guaranteed acceptance into colleges. But in the 70's they could.
And in the 70's, even though white males like me were last in line for many job opportunities. I and my high school class were so positive about diversity and equal opportunity that we elected our only male black student as Class President. But today I am being told that we were oppressors and now owe reparations to our victims. Really?
In the Soviet Revolution, the division they created was more subtle. It was also about wealth and privilege. But those being punished were not unlike their neighbors. The dividing line could be as little as having an upstairs in your house, noticeable fashion or one too many cattle in your stall. If called out, you could be labeled a Kulak and punished. Their goal... To create chaotic division and create an enemy to punish.
Today, in America progressive leaders champion displays of piety, taking pride in their extreme acceptance of all forms of promiscuous behavior. This theme of promoting radical acceptance has become a central theme in our government. This is celebrated in the videos below.
You may remember former President Clinton's expression of tolerance in addressing various forms of promiscuity during his Presidency? He suggested, "Don't ask, Don't tell." Then, "privacy," was the social standard across most of our culture. But in today's, "Revolution," privacy has been replaced with loud and proud expositionism even among our very young. This is, truly, "Revolutionary!" There is a huge difference between adults talking privately and openly promoting sexualized behavior identities in front of our preschoolers at our local libraries.
Some might now accuse me of being overly protective and hyper-religious. But listen to what our political leaders have to say..
In reality our passivity toward often misguided and potentially harmful behavior increases victimhood. As caution is sacrificed and the aberrant behavior (including the legalization of harmful drugs) is celebrated and even promoted among vulnerable peers, victimizers are empowered. Our lack of caution encourages reckless experimentation and celebrates potentially harmful deviations. Instead of protecting, we now pride in ourselves in celebrating experimentation. We celebrate sexualized chaos, redefining the purposes of sexuality and the meanings of sexual identity. This experimentation is much like the experimentation that happened in the 60's with mind altering drugs.
Sadly, Drug Overdose is todays leading cause of Death in Americans under the age of 45.
It was my generation that normalized the expansion of these intoxicants into our youth culture through our experimentation. Now we are legalizing most gateway drugs and decriminalizing possession of small but often lethal amounts of deadly drugs. Consider the pain that this has brought to America's families. Consider the wealth and power it has transferred from working communities to the Criminal Cartels that dominate the populations of vast regions south of our border.
And consider the pain that our rejection of traditional family mores in sexual behavior has brought through broken homes as traditional family values have declined. Pain even in President Biden's family. Especially to his daughter in law Kathleen and the grandchildren she gave him.
Is showing approval of Hunter's family abandonment to engage in an adultetrous relationship with his brother's grieving widow, really an appropriate way to display the virtue of tolerance?
News reports Joe and Jill's full approval of Hunter's romantic involvement with Beau's widow while still being married to Kathleen.
Beyond family, our corporate and business policies have also been "Revolutionized!" Today we also enforce and punish those who fail to comply with the progressive ideals of, "social equity." and, "politically correctness."
Less intense than the, "Red Guard," presented in the video above, but in close harmony. Sadly, the children of China in that generation either had no awareness of their very recent past, or were unable to resist the pressure they faced in their own, "Culture of Revolution."
If this, (Swimming Event Video), was presented, here today, I think many of our University trained "Disciples of Progressive Culture," might describe it as...
"A small triumph for justice and equity against all racial bigotry and oppressive historical ideology. We celebrate your vision! A progressive vision of freedom, moral equity and redemptive social justice! We gratefully forsake the distractions of family, past culture and ethnic history! We utterly reject all who look backward and hinder your path forward!
The 1960's were also a time of turmoil. The, "White Album," released in 1968 by the Beatles included the song, "Revolution." Presented below.
"Revolution," was written during Mao's Cultural Revolution.
Have you subscribed to the, "Revolution?" Have you examined it's history and message? Although not necessarily inspired by these events, the Beatles song at the beginning was written during their revolution.
After searching and reviewing many videos on the topic. (The story links) below clearly shows how unexamined devotion and even a fear of being excluded can cause even the most idealistic among us to assist in the destruction of all that we cherish for what is presented as the very best of reasons. May we avoid the fate of failing to learn from these tragedies. May we truly learn from the past and avoid the fate of following in their footsteps.
In response to these events in China, the video below was created. It explains the chief differences a pure Democracy and a Republic with checks and balances. A worthwhile review. I wonder if this information is still taught in our schools. I found it very informative.
With all of the fear and dread floating so thick in the air today, a person's sense of well being, and even their mental health can feel compromised, even unstable.
Do you know what to do when this happens? Did you know that you have options? That things can improve?
We all have choices in our behavior. Choices, that if habitually practiced will improve and strengthen our very souls.
Do you know what these choices are, and where to begin?
To begin, we can choose to be deliberate. To deliberately embrace truth and health and growth and actively reject the temptation of destructive habits and influences.
We can become intentional and choose to lessen loss and grow to increase in personal strength and depth of character.
Instead of being swept away by the emotions of the moment. Be it personal hardship or the distraction of social activism, or recoiling in fearful opposition to cultural change.We can choose sanity and become intentionally focused and purposeful in living out our own internal values.
There is a saying that, “talk is cheap.” But in reality obsessive talk devoid of understanding can become painfully confusing and costly in the long run. Especially on the emotional level.
What do you see going on in the world around you? Is it beckoning you toward reactionary fear? What is the fruit of the perspective you have been feeding? Is it toward personal growth? Or creating a growing sense of emptiness and looming personal chaos?
Gaining and maintaining accurate perspective can be immensely helpful! And providing help to others, and receiving help from others in a helping community can be life altering! We can find personal accountability and even recovery in support groups, churches and structured community involvement. Even personal interest groups and shared hobbies can replace the loneliness of self absorption with experiences of connection, accomplishment, strength and gratitude.
But consider carefully, the paragraph above describes activities and gatherings that are committed to, "Creativity and Order."
Not ones prone to emotional reaction, social agitation or displays of intimidating power. Not aggressive activism and not, gatherings centered around, celebrating intoxication or careless licentiousness in any form.
Today, the variety and options for using intoxicants has exploded!
And these have become the first choice of relief from many suffering from anxiety and stress and boredom. Stress often maintained and accentuated by an echoing deluge of fearful narratives from associates and media sources.
Today, even a sporadic or casual use of intoxicants can be fatal as accidental overdose is the leading cause of death among those under 35. And the chaos of intoxication has become the lifestyle norm for an ever-growing portion of our culture.
Today, we are quick to celebrate, "Change." Even as we ignore the realities of, "Loss." We even celebrate our blindness, as we embrace what is revolutionary in the, "Destructive," sense. Ideas that bring both personal and societal destruction!
In the past revolutionary ideas of, "Peace," were celebrated. But today these Revolutionary Ideas are catapulted forward through Social Influencers, Agitators and Activists to the status of modern Sainthood.
Today, being agitated or agitating others is considered desirable, even heroic! But we must remember that being agitated is very unpredictable at it's core, and there is often very little difference between an Activist led gathering and a Destructive Angry Mob. They may even be one and the same.
Historically social breakdown and even anarchy occur as these groups, disregard civil discourse and throw off legal restraint to intimidate and manipulate the the greater population. They coerce submission through destructive violence. This is what we saw in Seattle as the police station was burned and the murders took place.
The most famous and most effective protest of this type was, Kristallnacht, on November 9th of 1938. It virtually silenced public opposition to Hitler's abuses.
These gatherings and events of this type must be shunned. Don't be fooled, if nonviolent protest was the goal, than why didn't the leaders and crowds leave when the violence and destruction erupted.
If eliminating the destructive effect of chaos in your life is your goal, these type of events must be shunned.
The destruction of our inner cities in much of America today, shows the terrible cost of our failure to understand this. It may be a shock to our senses, but this isn't new. The history of this last century repeatedly bears this out. Consider the chaos, and the subsequent “Inspirational Stories,” that are compiled in this playlist. I compiled it about ten years ago. It is titled:
"For Freedom's Sake, Displaying Sanity in the Face of Opposition"
The playlist has six inspirational stories. The first is pictured in the (picture link) below. If you like this one and want to see more, click the (internet link below the picture) to see the other five. (If you are on a computer) There, you can also click the title (on that page) to see the connecting text that goes with these stories. It will appear on the Left of the screen. On my phone internet link auto-played the videos, but I couldn't click through to the text potion for reading.
On a more personal level, did you know that there are other positive ways to escape from internal chaos and negative emotions. But it usually requires more focused help and encouragement from others. Isolated we are vulnerable and captive to our own habits. But with real help we can find real escape, just like the Jews in Denmark did in the story above.
Have you ever wished you could exchange your fears and compulsions for genuine strength and courage?
Details for this option are presented in the Faith, Mental Health and Recovery messages below. Click the Helicopter (Picture) to hear the stories and testimonies. To see the corresponding written text you will have to click the link below the picture, Then on that page, click the text in the description, or (more) below the video to read it. This did work on my phone.
Consider BOTH the TALK and TEXT. Both were prepared to encourage you to take the deliberate steps that will strengthen you in your sense of wellbeing and personal integrity, as well as navigating in the mental health system. If you are having a crisis read the text and follow the instructions.
And finally consider this much more recent lesson from the past. Just a few months ago Israel celebrated their 75th National Anniversary. The video below highlights portions of their 2023 Yom HaShoah observances that occurred at the same time.
In it, Israel's President Herzog reviews past Academic and Social Anti-Semitic Propaganda. He shares how it was used to reshape public education, social institutions to create ridicule, apathy and hatred across much of Europe toward the Jewish populations. He explains how it separated them from past traditions and the values. And talks about many who displayed noble strength and courage in resisting.
He talks about how it was propagated through misapplied, "Science," to align the culture from early childhood with the, "Evolutionary Assumptions," held by Hitler.
President Herzog called for greater social accountability among Israel's political leadership and elites.
To me it displayed how our poorly examined thoughts and attitudes, and our failure to educate can allow seemingly good people to accept and promote unjust and evil policies. Policies leading to actions far worse than anything they ever would have imagined. But it ends with expressions of support and commitment to our fellow man, similar to the inspirational stories above.
And finally how accepting the concept of, "being created in the image of God," has shaped our morality into a "Sanity," of grace, accountability and individual challenge, and quells the chaotic confusions that comes with self absorption.
Destruction... Both snakes died! One from asphyxiation and the other from venom.
Insane! Right? But consider how we have followed the example of these snakes.
Aren't we equally insane to have placed our faith in a policy of, "Mutually Assured Destruction?"
If you have read the first few chapters of the bible you know how a serpent tempted Eve with a promise that she could, "become like God" if she chose a path of independent disobedience. But he didn't say where this path would lead?
This same serpent creature was called Satan when he tempted Jesus and is called, "The Destroyer," in the book of Revelation because of the terrible destruction he brings.
But my current focus is more on the destructive trends of this century.
Our first escalation, "toward global destruction," was during World War I. It was waged between, (1914-1918). As our first war in the industrial era, it displayed our great increase in destructive ability.
So much so that, WWI was labeled,
"The War to End All Wars."
But instead of bringing peace. This failed solution set the stage for the escalation and limited nuclear destruction of World War II waged between (1938-1945).
And since 1945, our war-making technology and war-making industry has literally exploded!
Today, our thermonuclear weapons are thousands of times stronger than the WWII models. Their fallout so great, they could affect entire continental regions for decades.
This would have been unimaginable in the past!
And today's hypersonic delivery systems, along with drone and space based weaponry systems leave most modern populations virtually defenseless!
So our policy to prevent, the carnage of nuclear warfare, has actually escalated our human destructive potential.
Rather than diminishing loss, we have assured a more complete and devastating loss than ever could have been imagined.
Our attempts at peacekeeping through, "Mutually Assured Destruction, (M.A.D.)" are both inadequate and misdirected. More like the deadly Fentanyl flooding our streets.
M.A.D. is not wise medicine. It demonstrates our false wisdom and fallen nature. But by our nature, we are stuck.
By placing our hope in M.A.D. we have moved much closer to total destruction than ever before! And to date, we have not found a way to change course.
Will thermonuclear destruction occur during this generation? Will it be the summation of our existence?
Depends on who's plan we follow!
If you didn't attend school in the 60's, you probably didn't do the, under the desk drills, and may not be emotionally aware of this startling reality. Topics like this are difficult.
As modern people, we pride ourselves in our sense of control through our knowledge and scientific discovery and many feats of modern engineering.
Rarely do we admit that our innate human preference is to rely on our power to do harm. But history shows that human consistently impose the will of the strongest, no matter what the cost!
It comes so naturally, that, unless we look carefully we may not even notice our common pattern of spiraling toward intentional chaos.
Similar chaos can happen in our personal lives as well. Even among people with deeply held religious beliefs. Even pastors and leaders can struggle with destructive thoughts, some even ponder suicide.
In the series of videos below, Pastor Brunson shares how his faith crashed. How it was replaced with a more functional form of faith.
His crisis occurred during his persecution, and imprisonment under Turkish law, in a Turkish jail.
Hear his full testimony in the (8) 15 minute videos below.
As you can see, our shallow thinking and failure to examine our beliefs can leave our faith weak and inconsistent.
These inconsistencies can also extend across other areas of our lives and even into the fabric of our culture resulting in terrible consequences for us and those who rely on us.
Consider how so many, "Christians," are committed politically to maintaining the current murderous peril. Not only in the extremes of international conflict and warfare like M.A.D.
But also when it comes to, "helping," those trying to immigrate across our southern border through cartel controlled cities and regions.
Regions so dangerous, the local police don't even attempt to enter.
Instead of investing to provide safe transportation and structured opportunities here in America,we feign, "welcoming kindness," and look the other way.
We close our eyes to the scarce peasant resources that are diverted to enrich and strengthen the criminals cartels. Cartels that terrorize and corrupt their civil justice system, and undermine the civil governments in their countries of origin.
We close our eyes to the perilous risks of the journey, focusing only the hinderances created by our, "border policy," and politely ignore the rapes, drug and sexual enslavement and even public executions done by the coyote cartel workers to intimidate and control those being illegally transported?
Did you know that approximately 30% of the millions of women smuggled across our southern border were raped? And thousands had their children taken to be trafficked, often to pay for the debt incurred by their transport?
But we the people, close our eyes to this lawless smuggling, enslavement, terror and murder to accuse each other and argue about our feelings over what city they will be accommodated in after they arrive.
We ignore, the changes this has brought to America as she has changed to become the largest consumer of fentanyl and trafficked children in the world! An accomplishment achieved by border policies that enrich and empower the Cartels.
Could this also be why we now accept the grooming of our children through sexually explicit nightclub behaviors at our local, Library Story Hours?
I recently viewed the film. "Sound of Freedom," that highlighted many aspects of this tragedy in Central America.
'The Miracles Are Insane': Tim Ballard Tells Real-Life Stories That Inspired 'Sound of Freedom'
And speaking of enslavement. Did you know that...
1619 was a drop in the bucket compared with today. Today there are more enslaved laborers on planet earth, than at any time in history.
The largest groups are repressed religious minorities, then victims of sexual prejudice and then those vulnerable due to age, with the young often being taken for organ harvesting.
A quick look on line presented this article ...
Report on Uyghur Forced Labor
The latest report titled “Uyghurs For Sale”, from the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, reveals a vast network of companies complicit in the mass detention of Uyghurs and other Turkic people. ASPI stated that it had found “27 factories in 9 Chinese provinces that are using Uyghur labor transferred from Xinjiang since 2017. Those factories claim to be part of the supply chain of 83 well-known global brands.”
Here are some brands connected to factories using forced labor.
How can we be guiltless when much of their forced labor was created to earn a return on our Western investments and provide Western consumers with cheap pleasures and luxury, (and even organs for transplant?)
Recently, the Black Lives Matter Movement made it fashionable to have large protests against, "systemic," inequity in the major cities of most Western nations.
These protests frequently evolved into destructive riots, terrorizing and destroying the very communities they were claiming to help.
During these riots our leaders conveniently ignored the pandemic risks and threat of disease transmission even as worker in surrounding factories and hospitals were being terminated from employment for failing to vaccinate.
We also ignored the lawless destruction. The social intimidation and the new rampant normalization of theft. We ignored the destruction of our communities with their long established businesses and the escalation of poverty and joblessness that followed.
We ignored the increased vulnerability of our youth to addiction and subsequent sexual enslavement, including those of the newly arrived immigrants as we facilitated an unrestricted increase in drug supply, for local distribution into our neighborhoods.
We stripped drug enforcement from the police, including the goal of temporarily, "freeing," addicts from the slavery of, "use," that occurs during incarceration.
Incarceration and lack of supply are historically the two greatest factors in motivating a move toward recovery from addiction. They create the motivation, key to the success of the Drug Court Model.
Since the BLM changes, our Drug Courts have virtually ceased, even as drug supply chains and use have expanded and flourished in our communities resulting in unprecedented numbers of overdose deaths.
How could we do all of these things? How could we come to this place!
All of these circumstances display our utter hypocrisy and insanity! Much like our casual acceptance of "Mutually Assured Destruction."
We have become very casual about these destructive changes as daily we step over the trash, dirty needles, syringes and semi-conscious users under the tarps littering our sidewalks.
So with all of these recent changes, what is capturing our concern now? What has displaced these once important priorities?
Today, the crisis of Global Warming is presented more frequently and with much greater concern than global nuclear destruction or local attention to family, and neighborhood safety or even political stability.
Today, Climate Catastrophes and the need for Carbon Credits and Green Technology are presented as our saviors and the keys to future human survival!
But do these efforts bring real and lasting improvements. Is their usefulness genuine? Or are they merely tools, useful for gaining political power and control and manipulating populations for profit and power through government edict?
It appears that open society and even our ideas of democracy may be in dire jeopardy.
But this should be no surprise.
According to the bible,
Self deception has corrupted the very, "nature," of mankind.
And today humankind is redefining itself.
Today, Western civilization has rejected her traditional role of, "bearing God's image," and, "faithfully managing His resources."
Today, we have evolved to become, "Planet Protectors," by virtue of our "Evolutionary Hierarchy." We have assigned ourselves with the task of delivering planet Earth from the affects of our own human presence.
But isn't that a bit illogical? It sounds suicidal? Much like the snakes in the picture?
And wasn't devotion to our, "Evolutionary Hierarchy," the rationalization used to justify Hitler's horrendous racial atrocities in WWII? And didn't it inspire activist Margret Sanger's work to reduce the populations of the races she called, "human weeds?"
With today's technology and our A.I. ability to manipulate information systems, we truly dance on the edge of a much higher precipice than any generation before us!
And Today, our World Order is being re-organized.
Culturally through the progressive-woke cultural and climate change philosophies in our institutions.
Financially through the rise of China and the formation of a new global currency being embraced by the growing number of BRICS nations that constitute most of the world's population.
And militarily through these same nations along with Artificial Intelligence and other forms of technological advancement.
Did you know that, America recently sent American Reserves to the conflict in Ukraine? We have physically entered the War. Will this lead to a new Viet Nam like escalation, or a full fledged Armageddon?
How will it end? Perhaps the day described in the verses below is soon approaching.
Isaiah 34:4 All the host of heaven shall be dissolved, And the heavens shall be rolled up like a scroll; All their host shall fall down As the leaf falls from the vine, And as fruit falling from a fig tree.
Revelation 6:14 Then the sky receded as a scroll when it is rolled up, and every mountain and island was moved out of its place.
But there is hope. Read on below.
As people, we should reject the self-destruction of, "serpent wisdom."
And We should reject his call to, "become as Gods."
We were created for much more. To seek Our Heavenly Father's wisdom and bear His image.
Paul the Apostle stated... if you bite and devour one another, beware lest you be consumed by one another!—-Galatians 5:15 NKJV
Destruction is not God's purpose. That's the serpents plan.
Instead of becoming self-actualized "Gods." Our Heavenly Father calls us to a new life as sons and daughters. New lives that can never be destroyed. New lives with new purposes and new goals.
But In this plan... He is God and we are not.
Who's plan are you going to follow?
And what does it mean to be saved from our sins?
Click the link below for answers to these questions.